Difference Between Psychiatrist and Psychologist

The other day, an old friend called me, and as we caught up after a few years, our conversation turned to various subjects. She mentioned that her brother was planning to see a mental health professional due to certain relationship issues and depression. She asked me if I knew of a good psychiatrist. Curious, I asked her why he decided to see a psychiatrist and not a psychologist. She replied, "Isn’t it the same thing?"

I wasn't surprised by her confusion, as I've noticed that many people use the terms "psychiatrist" and "psychologist" interchangeably due to a lack of familiarity with the field. I explained the difference between the two to her, emphasizing that while both treat patients struggling with mental health issues one-on-one, their education, training, and scope of practice differ.

Here's how our conversation went:

"So, what does it take to study psychology?"

Psychologists must earn a bachelor's degree, a master's degree, and a doctoral degree in psychology, along with completing various therapy courses based on their interests.

On the other hand, psychiatrists hold either a doctor of medicine (MD) or doctor of osteopathic medicine (DO) degree. They also have advanced qualifications from residency and specialize in psychiatry.

"Other than education, what's the basic difference between the two?"

Psychiatry is a branch of medicine focused on diagnosing and treating mental health disorders. It involves the causes, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of mental health conditions.

Psychiatrists approach mental health symptoms from a biological angle, recognizing that biological factors like genetics can lead to mental and emotional health symptoms. They have training in various related fields, including genetics, biochemistry, neurology, psychology, social science, and psychopharmacology (the effects of medications on mood and mental health).

Psychiatrists may prescribe medication to treat anxiety disorders, ADHD, bipolar disorder, major depression, PTSD, schizophrenia, and substance use disorders. However, they may also recommend therapy if appropriate.

Compared to psychiatrists, psychologists focus more on social, cultural, and environmental factors rather than biological ones. They help identify negative thought patterns and other areas of brain function that might affect behavior and emotional health, along with key environmental or life stressors that play a part.

Psychology is the study of the mind, emotions, and behaviors. Psychologists examine cognitive and social factors that influence people's actions and reactions, employing various therapeutic techniques to help patients heal from trauma and improve their mental health.

" How do you decide who to go to for treatment?"

Determining the type of mental health professional that is best for you can be challenging. However, if you suspect you have a serious mental health condition such as bipolar disorder or schizophrenia, consider seeing a psychiatrist.

As a general rule, starting with a psychological counselor or clinical psychologist is a good idea. Talk therapy can help you process trauma and give you tools to deal with stress, depression, and anxiety without medication. If your therapist determines that therapy alone is not improving your symptoms, then you may consider seeing a psychiatrist.

In conclusion, both psychologists and psychiatrists play crucial roles in diagnosing and treating mental health conditions. The decision of whom to see for treatment depends on various factors, including the severity of your symptoms and your personal preferences. It's essential to find a mental health professional who is experienced in treating your specific condition and with whom you feel comfortable discussing your concerns.